肉芽肿性乳腺炎患者治疗期间心理体验的质性研究

摘要

Objective To understand the psychological experience of patients with granulomatous mastitis during treatment.Methods Nine patients with granulomatous mastitis were selected by purposive sampling .The data were collected by in-depth interview and field work method of grounded theory,and were analyzed by Colaizzi’s phenomenological procedures.Results During the treatment of patients with granulomatous mastitis inner experience including:fear and doubt before treatment,pain and suffering during treatment, humiliation and unwilling,guilt and remorse;mingled hope and fear,self-image disorder and worry about the relationship between husband and wife,mainly the worry about husband abandon,the influence to sex life and unable to have children.Patients are eager for social support including the expectation of more atten-tion from medical staffs and support from family and wardmates.Conclusion The medical staffs should consistently improve recognition of granulomatous mastitis and nursing level,and pay more attention to the psychological needs and emotional needs of patients with granulomatous mastitis by providing them with professional nursing and emotion comfort,and help patients to establish social support system,reduce nega-tive emotions,face their self image,establish a correct attitude towards life and reduce the family unstable factors,in order to promote the rehabilitation of patients as soon as possible,improve the quality of life,and reduce the recurrence rate.%目的：深入了解肉芽肿性乳腺炎(以下简称肉芽肿)患者在治疗期间的心理体验。方法2013年6-8月，采用目的抽样法选取北京市某乳腺专科医院9例已行“带菌斩头保乳术”的肉芽肿患者为研究对象。采用现象学研究方法，运用深入访谈和民族志田野工作法对其进行访谈、观察，将获取资料运用 Colaizzi 法进行分析。结果肉芽肿患者确诊前常感到害怕和怀疑；治疗期间疼痛难忍，会产生自卑、不甘与愧疚等不良情绪；治疗后喜忧参半、自我形象紊乱，并担心夫妻关系，主要表现为担心遭丈夫嫌弃、对性生活的担忧、担心不能生育等。患者迫切需求社会支持，主要包括期待医护人员的正视和重视、需要家人及病友的支持等。结论医护人员需不断提高对肉芽肿性乳腺炎的认识和诊疗护理水平，重视肉芽肿患者的心理需求和情感需要，为其提供专业护理和情感安慰，帮助其建立社会支持系统，减少负性情绪；同时帮助患者正视自我形象，树立正确夫妻生活观，减少患者家庭不稳定因素，尽快促进患者康复，提高生活质量，减少复发率。