HIV 感染者／A IDS患者的自我效能及其相关因素

摘要

Objective To investigate self-efficacy of HIV infected persons/AIDS patients and to analyz the influencing factors and to provide scientific evidences for drafting pointed intervention strategy .Methods By convenience sampling ,182 HIV infected persons/AIDS patients who went to Red Cross Hospital of Yu-ling for the fist time from July 2011 to December 2012 were selected ,and they were investgated and assessed by using self-made basic information questionnaire and HIV infected persons/AIDS patients’ dis-ease management self-efficacy scale .Results 112(61 .54% ) HIV infected persons/AIDS patients manifes-ted as low self-efficacy .60(32 .97% ) cases manifested as middle self-efficacy .Only 10(5 .49% ) cases mani-fested as high self-efficacy .The scores of HIV infected persons/AIDS patients’ self-efficacy were (160 .51 ± 30 .52) and target score was 46 .59% .The sexuality ,marriage and family monthly income of HIV infected persons/AIDS patients had no significant difference in self-efficacy ( P> 0 .05 );w hile the different age ,degree of education ,mode of infection ,course of the disease and working status had signifi-cant difference in self-efficacy(P<0 .01) .Conclusion The self-efficacy of HIV infected persons/AIDS pa-tients generally in low level ,and their efficacy need to improve .We should draft pointed intervention strat-egy to the special group such as elder ,lower degree of education ,drug addicts ,promiscuity ,AIDS patients , and jobless ,and also to effectively improve their self-efficacy and life quality .%目的：探讨 HIV感染者/AIDS患者自我效能现状，分析其相关因素，以期为制定有针对性的干预对策提供科学依据。方法便利抽样法选取2011年7月至2012年12月首次到玉林市红十字会医院就医的HIV感染者/AIDS患者182例为研究对象。采用自行设计的基本资料调查表和HIV感染者/AIDS患者疾病管理自我效能感量表对其进行调查和分析。结果有112例（61．54％）HIV感染者/AIDS患者表现为低水平自我效能，60例（32．97％）患者表现为中等水平自我效能，仅有10例（5．49％）患者表现为高水平自我效能。 HIV感染者/AIDS患者总体自我效能得分为（160．51±30．52）分，得分指标为46．59％。 HIV感染者/AIDS不同患者性别、婚姻及家庭月收入的自我效能水平的差异均无统计学意义（均 P＞0．05）；而不同年龄、文化程度、感染方式、病程及目前工作状态不同患者的自我效能水平差异均有统计学意义（均 P＜0．01）。结论 H IV感染者/A ID S患者自我效能普遍处于较低水平，亟待提高；同时，应对年老、文化程度较低、有吸毒或性乱史者和失业或无固定工作等特殊群体实施有针对性的干预对策，有效提高其自我效能水平，从而提高其生活质量。