基于内容分析法对老年痴呆患者家庭护理定义的基本元素解析

摘要

目的：探讨老年痴呆(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)患者家庭护理的概念,分析其中所涵盖的基本元素,为临床护理工作提供参考及指导。方法2015年7－8月,通过检索1990－2015年中国生物医学文献服务系统、中国知网、万方医学网、医知网、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库和外文数据库Pubmed中有关老年 AD患者家庭护理的文献,基于内容分析法对文献中有关老年 AD患者家庭护理的定义,从研究对象、时间界定、地点、传播工具、主要目标及主要内容等6个方面进行分析,提炼出最能代表老年 AD患者家庭护理内涵的要素。结果老年 AD患者家庭护理模式中的研究对象包括患者本人和其家属或照护者；时间界定为 AD患者出院后；地点一般在家中或在福利院或是各种养老机构中；其传播方式主要有科普书籍、电话、电脑及随访等；家庭护理的主要内容包括家庭饮食护理、家居安全指导、情绪开导、心理安慰、健康知识宣教、日常机体康复锻炼、预防长期卧床形成的并发症(如压疮、泌尿系统感染等)等；其主要目标是为提高 AD患者治疗的依从性,使其获得最佳照护效果,以促进 AD患者身心安全和舒适。结论相关部门应从我国国情出发,建立符合中国特色的老年 AD患者家庭护理模式,优化老年 AD患者家庭生活质量。%Objective To explore the concept of family nursing for patients with senile Alzheimer’s disease (AD),and to analyze its basic elements,in order to provide reference and guidance for clinical nursing work.Methods By searching China biomedical literature database (SinoMed),Chinese HowNet (CNKI), Wanfang medicine,medicine,VIP and Pubmed database,the content analysis of the literature about family nursing of senile AD patients was conducted from the perspectives of definition of the family nursing based on research obj ects,time,location,communication tools,main purpose and main contents,the most representative elements of the family nursing of patients with senile AD were extracted.Results The researchobj ects included patients themselves and their family or caregivers,the time was after patients discharged,the location was at home,in welfare houses or nursing homes,the communication tools were books,phones,computers and follow-up.The family nursing included family diet nursing,in-house safety guidance,emotion consultation,psychologically comfort,health knowledge education,daily physical rehabilitation exercises,and the prevention of the complications caused by immobilization (pressure ulcers, urinary system infection).It aimed to improve the compliance of the treatment of AD patients and lead to the best treatment effect,thus to improve the safety and to comfort physically and psychologically. Conclusions Nursing managers should establish the family nursing mode for senile AD patients based on China’s national conditions,thus to optimize the family quality of life of elderly patients with AD.