亚洲女性收入对生育率影响的国际比较研究--基于劳动参与率、受教育程度、就业方式的视角

摘要

This paper demonstrates the influence of women’s income in the process of household income growth on household fertility decision by building the family utility function model. It shows that the fertility rate is reducing with the improvement of women’s income. Further, by referencing the female labor participation rate, level of education and employment mode as intermediate variable that women’s income affects the fertility and using the related data for empirical analysis, it finds that the female labor participation rate and level of education have a negative impact on fertility rate. And female part-time em-ployment mode has a positive impact on fertility rate. Furthermore , this paper makes an international comparison about the adjustment of fertility policy of Asian countries. It discusses the relationship between the concrete measures of fertility policy and the three factors that affect women’s income. Finally, it comes up with two aspects of suggestion based on the current fer-tility of China which is the perfection of hard policy and support of soft environment to help improve population quality and optimize population structure.%通过构建家庭效用函数模型，论证了家庭收入增长中女性收入对家庭生育决策的影响，说明了随着女性收入的提高，会降低生育率。进一步，通过引用女性劳动参与率、受教育程度及就业方式作为女性收入对生育率影响的中间变量，再运用相关数据进行实证分析，发现女性劳动参与率、受教育程度对生育率有着负向的影响，而女性非全日制就业方式对生育率有着正向的影响。再进一步，对亚洲各国生育政策的调整进行国际比较，探讨生育政策的具体措施与影响女性收入的三个因素之间的关系，最后针对中国目前的生育水平提出两方面的建议：硬政策的完善和软环境的支持，以有助于提高人口素质，优化人口结构。