不同速度的各类型机动车噪声频率特性

摘要

Noises of various types of vehicles at different speeds was collected and their frequency characteristics were investigated. The spectrum and the energy ratio of the noise samples of these vehicles were analyzed in different frequency bands. The results showed that most of the vehicle’s noise energy was mainly located between 400 Hz and 2.5 kHz. The noise energy of small cars was mainly concentrated in the range from 1 kHz to 2.5 kHz, the noise energy of large cars was essentially uniformly distributed in the range from 400 Hz to 2.5 kHz, and the noise energy of medium size cars was distributed in the range between the small cars and the large cars. The noise energy of the buses was located in the low-frequency band from 10 Hz to 315 Hz. As the speed increasing, the energy distribution of small cars and medium cars was concentrated more and more, while the distribution of the noise frequency of the large cars has no significant difference, and the ratio of the noise energy of the buses in the low-frequency band was increased.%通过采集不同速度的各类型机动车噪声数据，对噪声的频谱和不同频段的能量比率进行分析和比较，得到不同速度下的各类型机动车噪声的频率特性。结果表明，大部分机动车噪声能量主要集中在400 Hz到2.5 kHz之间，其中小型车噪声能量以1 kHz到2.5 kHz的频段为主，大型车噪声能量主要在400 Hz到2.5 kHz均匀分布，中型车噪声能量分布特征介乎两者之间，而公交车噪声能量则以10 Hz到315 Hz的低频段为主；随着速度的增加，中、小型车噪声能量分布频段更为集中，大型车噪声频率分布与速度关系不明显，公交车低频段噪声能量比率有所提高。