气垫隔声结构水中隔声性能分析

摘要

提出气垫隔声结构形式，与以橡胶阻尼材料为基体的隔声去耦瓦相比，气垫隔声结构具有孔隙率大的特点，能更好的隔声去耦。用解析方法分析无限、有限气垫隔声结构在水中的隔声性能，研究板厚与中间层特性声阻抗对隔声量的影响并分析无限结构与有限结构的差别。结果表明：在水中的隔声曲线中没有在空气中因“质量―弹簧―质量”共振造成的隔声低谷现象，且在低频时有限结构的隔声性能较好。行波管声学试验测试了气垫双层板结构的低频隔声性能，证实气垫隔声结构在水中的隔声效果和其在水中声学性能的正确性。%The sound insulation structure with air cushion was presented. Compared with the sound-isolating decoupling tiles made of rubber damping material, this structure has better sound-isolating and decoupling effect due to its large porosity. The underwater sound insulation performances of infinite and finite double-layer panel structures with air cushions were studied respectively with analytical method. The influences of panel thickness and characteristic impedance of the middle layer on the sound-isolating performance were analyzed. The results show that the phenomenon of sound-isolation valley due to the mass-spring-mass resonance disappears and the finite-sized structure has a better sound-isolating performance in low frequency range. Finally, traveling wave tube test was carried out to investigate the finite-sized structure. The test results verified the correctness of this method for analyzing the underwater sound insulation performance of the structures.