城轨列车车辆空气传播噪声预测模型

摘要

To shorten the acoustic structure design period in preliminary research of the large and complex structures of urban rail train vehicles, theoretical models for prediction of interior and exterior noises of railroad train vehicles are established. An equivalent calculation method switching the sound power level of outdoor sound source to that of indoor sound source is proposed. The sound transmission loss (STL) of the double-layer aluminum extrusions used for urban rail-train vehicle’s body is formulated theoretically, and the STL of the structure of the double-layer aluminum extrusions with the damping materials attached to its surface is analyzed. The sound pressure level of an urban railway train’s vehicle is obtained and predicted. It is found that there is some difference between the calculation results and the test results, but it is acceptable. In the stage of preliminary research and development of the new train’s vehicle, the prediction model can provide a foundation for its acoustic structure design rapidly, and be utilized to improve the acoustic design for old vehicles.%为缩短城轨列车车辆这样大型复杂结构早期的声学结构设计周期，建立了城轨列车车辆室内噪声和车外噪声通用的理论计算模型；提出了室外声源声功率级转换到室内声源声功率级的等效计算方法；针对城轨列车车体常用的中空铝型材双层结构的隔声量进行了理论推导，并分析了表面粘附辅助材料后组合隔声结构的隔声量；根据计算模型对某城轨列车的噪声进行了预测，计算结果与测试结果虽存在一定的偏差，但仍在可接受范围之内。预测模型能为新车型研发和老车型的声学结构改进快速提供设计依据。