I first consider Plato's and Aristotle's legacy on Western cultural production. I then comment on the Medieval Christian idea of analogia entis (analogy of being), and the role of symbols, as a factor in stylistic change. Following this, I explain the emergence of the idea of progress in Enlightenment ideas in the 17th-century. Along with the idea of progress, I outline Hegel's philosophy of social change that was so influential to the 20th-century theories of both art and politics. All of these ideas have one thing in common: that, somehow, material objects must convey moral virtues. This is a peculiar trait of European outlook: architectural form as not only a reflection, but as the beacon, of moral excellence. We will see how, as new ideas and new technology emerged to change moral outlooks, architectural styles changed in keeping with these new developments.%文章首先探讨了柏拉图和亚里士多德为西方文化创作留下的精神遗产,然后评论了中世纪基督教类比思想及符号作为在建筑风格变化中的影响因素,进而解释了17世纪启蒙运动中出现的"进步"思想,并依循这一思想勾勒了黑格尔关于社会变化的哲学对20世纪艺术与政治的影响.上述思想有一个共同点:物体必须传达美德.这是欧洲思想的独特特征——建筑形式不仅仅是一种映像,更是高尚品德的指路明灯.文章亦将阐述因新思想新技术的出现而致道德观发生变化,为紧跟这一新发展,建筑风格也随之改变.
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