三七叶、人参叶和西洋参叶皂苷类成分的研究

摘要

三七叶、人参叶和西洋参叶其皂苷类成分相近,但专属性成分各异,皂苷类成分的分布比例也各不相同.本文建立了HPLC-UV法测定上述皂苷成分的方法,经过方法学考察,各种皂苷成分精密度好、加样回收率高,方法可靠.11种皂苷成分总含量顺序为:西洋参叶＞人参叶＞三七叶；二醇组皂苷成分含量:西洋参叶＞三七叶＞人参叶；三醇组皂苷成分含量:人参叶＞西洋参叶＞三七叶.西洋参叶中二醇组皂苷和人参叶中三醇组皂苷含量明显高于其他.西洋参叶中人参皂苷Rb3和Rd的含量之和占11种皂苷成分的60％以上.鉴于其中人参皂苷的高含量,三七叶、人参叶和西洋参叶应该作为皂苷来源得到充分利用；不同的皂苷成分有不同的药理活性,应基于它们的皂苷组成和比例选择性进行研究和开发.%Leaves of Panax notoginseng,P.ginseng and P.quinquefolius have similar saponin components but with different exclusive components.In this work,the contents of saponins in the leaves of Panax notoginseng,P.ginseng and P.quinquefolius were determined with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.The chromatographic separation was achieved by using a Kinetex-C18 column ( 100 × 4.6 mm,2.6 μm,phenomenex,at 30 ℃ ).Eleven compounds were separated with a gradient elution and detected at 203 nm.The results showed that the order of total content of saponins,protopanaxadiol saponins and protopanaxatriol saponins in three kinds of leaves was P.quinquefolius ＞ P.ginseng ＞ P.notoginseng,P.quinquefolius ＞ P.notoginseng ＞ P.ginseng,and P.ginseng ＞ P.quinquefolius ＞ P.notoginseng,respectively.The content of protopanaxadiol saponins in the leaves of P.quinquefolius and the content of protopanaxatriol saponins in the leaves of P.ginseng ohviously were higher than those in others.And the total content of Ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd was accounted for over 60％ of the total 11 ginsenosides in P.quinquefolius leaves.Conclusively,the leaves of Panax notoginseng,P.ginseng and P.quinquefolius should be well used as a wonderful source for saponins due to their high contents.In addition,all the three kinds of saponins should be exploited on the basis of their contents and compositions.