为了解决天然河流水位高差与航道宽度季节性变化大而导致的LNG船舶燃料加注困难的问题,提出了一种介于岸基式加注站与加注船之间的新概念——内河LNG燃料加注趸船.为此,分析了LNG加注趸船概念提出的背景、船型的市场需求和分级管理理念,并从安全屏障角度讨论了LNG加注趸船的安全设计原则,重点阐述了LNG的安全储存理念及其实现手段,从储罐的选型、设计压力的确定、选材、泄漏防护原则及其试验验证等方面明确了LNG安全储存的实现方式.在LNG系统方面,提出了LNG补给及加注系统的工艺安全要点,阐明了轻型加注臂的技术特点,同时论述了锚泊与系泊的安全考虑.结论认为:①基于分级管理,采用国际海事组织的C型独立罐,并进行工艺安全、锚泊和系泊设计的LNG加注趸船是可行的;②至2025年,我国长江和珠江上500 m3规模LNG加注趸船的需求量将接近30艘;③该船型的安全性、可靠性已经得到了实践的检验,目前已发展出第四代船型.%LNG bunkering pontoons are presented to solve the fueling difficulty of LNG ships on inland waterways with a great variation of water height and channel width by seasonal change.First,the background of this concept was analyzed as well as the demand of LNG bunkering pontoons,and the involved idea of levels management.Then,from the safety barrier perspective,safety design principles were discussed,the safety principles and implement measures of LNG storage were provided,LNG tanks for the pontoon were analyzed in detail in terms of their types,design pressure,material selection and leakage protection principles.Also,the safety concerns of LNG supply and bunkering process were raised,and an improved handy bunkering arm & hose,lighter and more flexible than ever before,was introduced.Berthing and unberthing are related to the survival of the pontoon so that the key points of such design were highlighted.It is concluded that (1) based on the levels management,the pontoon equipped with IMO Type C tanks,with reasonable berthing/unberthing and safety designs adopted,is proved to be safe and reliable by practices;(2) by 2025,nearly 30 such improved LNG bunkering pontoons with a fueling capacity of 500 m3 each will be required on Yangtze and Pearl Rivers;and (3) the pontoon's safety and reliability has been verified by practices and its fourth generation has been developed.
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