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论《易传》的“生生”思想及其生态意义

     

摘要

“生生”是易学自然哲学的重要概念。它是由无数个春生夏长秋收冬藏过程所体现出来的自然发展的总体趋势,是天地生物之心、自然的合目的性。“复”、“元亨利贞”、“继善成性”都是生生的表现。阴阳二气在生生过程中发挥着不同的作用,表现为阳生阴成,阳主阴助,阳生阴杀,阴阳循环,递相为主,阳尊阴卑。阳之所以尊,是因为易学自然哲学认为自然是一个生生不息的过程。故阳尊阴卑首先是一种自然观,而不是对于自然的价值投射。易学自然观具有内在否定性,包含死亡。在易学中,死亡是生生过程的一个必然组成部分,其积极意义在于完成和孕育生。在气化的层次上,生死是一体并相互转化的;而从宇宙发展的总过程来看,则无数个生死相连而又互相转化的过程共同构成生生不息的总体趋势。当代生态科学的最新理论“错综论”、生态科学家布鲁克纳的“有机动力”、生态哲学家罗尔斯顿的“创造性”、“朝向生命的趋势”等,都同于易学的“生生”,使《易传》的生生思想获得了新的意义。%" Nurturing Life", an importan! concept in the natural philosophy of Learning of Change ( 易学 ) as the mind - heart of the Heaven and the Earth and as the purposiveness of the nature, is a general developmental trend of the nature manifested by unlimited substitution of four seasons. The concepts such as "Compound" ( 复) and "Beginning" ( 元), "Prosperous" ( 亨 ) ," Benefit" ( 利 ) and "Fulfillment" ( 贞 ) and the "Following the good by nature" are all expressions of the concept of "Nurturing Life". Yin and Yang plays a different role in the process of "Nurturing Life", such as Yang originates one thing while Yin finishes it, Yang is active while Yin is passive, Yang give birth to one thing while contrarily Yin kills it, Yin and Yang dominates the natural process in return, Yang is superior while Yin is inferior. The natural view of the Book of Change contains innate negation, namely, it possess death in itself as a necessary component of the process of "Nurturing Life". The active meaning of death is that it finishes as well as breeds the process of "Nurturing Life". The life and death connects mutually and changes into each other as well as constitutes one whole body in the level of the transformation process of vital force. The Intricate theory, the latest theory of in ecological science and "the organic power" posed by ecologists John Bruckner and the "creativity" and the "trend to life" brought forward by H. Rolston are all tantamount approximately to the concept of "Nurturing Life", which make the thought of the "Nurturing Life" in the Book of Change get new meanings.

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