安慰剂效应与安慰剂组学的研究与思考

摘要

The placebo effect,induced by a placebo,is a physiological response,alleviating disease or some symptoms.Drugs' properties,clinical background,the patients' individual differences and the psychosocial environmental cues surrounding the administration of treatments and other related factors contribute to the placebo effects,among which individual variations in the genome can also give rise to the placebo effect at different levels.Neurotransmitter pathways mediating the placebo effects include dopamine pathway,opioid receptor signaling pathway,endocannabinoids and serotonin signaling pathways.The development of precision medicine depends on the comprehensive understanding of pathogenesis and drug action mechanism.As one aspect of drug effects,the in-depth study of the placebo effect is conducive to the further development of precision medicine.%安慰剂效应是指由安慰剂引起的,对疾病或症状起到缓解作用的心理生理效应.安慰剂效应与药物性质,临床应用背景,患者的个体差异及接触到的信息等多种因素相关,其中个体的基因差异会导致不同程度的安慰剂效应.介导安慰剂效应的神经递质通路有多巴胺通路、阿片受体信号通路、内源性大麻素及血清素等信号通路.疾病的精准治疗,有赖于对发病机制和药物作用机制的透彻了解,安慰剂效应作为药物效应的一个方面,对其深入研究有助于精准医学的发展.