盾构机刀盘的地质适应性设计研究

摘要

To improve the geological adaptability of shield machines and reduce the engineering problems caused by geological factors during shield excavation,the cutterhead of a shield machine should be designed according to the geological conditions.Based on multiple shield tunneling cases,this paper analyzes the problems encountered in domestic and overseas shield construction,such as excavating difficulties,accelerated wear of the cutterhead and cutters,mud cakes,and the instability of working faces.It was found that the main causes for these problems were the inelasticity of the cutterhead to the types of rock soil,physical and mechanical issues,and hydrogeological conditions.Based on the interaction mechanism between the cutterhead and rock-soil body and shield driving construction experience,this paper summarizes the design of cutterhead structures,as well as the selection and layout of cutters and equipment for muck conditioning regarding adaptability to geological conditions.%为了提高盾构机的地质适应性,减少盾构施工过程中因地质因素造成的工程问题,盾构机刀盘必须根据地质条件进行地质适应性设计.文章基于多个盾构隧道施工实践,分析了国内外盾构隧道施工中出现的掘进困难、刀盘刀具快速磨损、结泥饼和开挖面失稳等工程问题,发现刀盘对岩土类型、岩土物理力学性质和水文地质条件不适应是产生这些工程问题的根本原因.基于岩土体与刀盘相互作用的机理和盾构施工经验,文章分别总结了刀盘结构、刀具选型布置和刀盘碴土改良装置在地质适应性方面的设计经验.