为使特长公路隧道在运营过程中能够有效地利用自然风，需要对自然风压计算方法进行深入的研究。文章通过理论分析探明了自然风压的主要影响因素，即超静压差、热位差和风墙压差。通过理论推导得到了各因素的计算公式，确定了一般隧道的自然风压的计算方法。通过对铁峰山2#隧道现场测试数据的分析，验证了公式的正确性。在考虑了斜(竖)井对隧道通风的影响下，通过理论推导的方法得到了自然风压各因素的计算公式，确定了分段隧道自然风压的计算方法。利用简化计算模型计算了大相岭泥巴山特长公路隧道的自然风，并通过现场实测的数据对该计算方法进行了验证，实测值与程序计算值吻合较好。针对泥巴山隧道，设计了节能（辅助）风道。另外选择不同的风机控制方法，能达到不同的节能效果。以上自然风压的计算方法和泥巴山隧道的节能设计可以为其它类似工程的自然风计算、设计和合理利用提供依据。%Three main factors, i.e., excess differential static pressure, thermal potential difference and wind-wall differential pressure, are taken into account when natural wind pressure is calculated in order to effectively make use of natural wind during the operation of extra-long highway tunnels. In this paper, the calculation method for the natural wind pressure of common tunnels, which is proved by analyzing field test data of the Tiefengshan No. 2 tun⁃nel, is put forward based on calculation formulas for three factors obtained by theoretical derivation. With the calcu⁃lation formulas for each factor of natural wind pressure, the calculation methods for natural wind pressure of seg⁃mented tunnels are determined by taking the effects of the shaft (or an inclined shaft) on tunnels into consideration. Also, a simplified calculation model of natural wind is used to calculate the natural wind pressures of the extra-long Nibashan tunnel, with the calculation results being consistent with the data from field tests. An energy-saving (auxil⁃iary) air duct is designed for the Nibashan tunnel, and with different control methods for fans, different energy-sav⁃ing effects can be obtained.
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