飞机垂直/短距起降技术的研究

摘要

The development situation of vertical or short take⁃off and landing(V/STOL)jet aircraft is reviewed in this arti⁃cle. The technical characteristics of lift propulsion for Harrier jump jet,Jacques fighter and Joint Strike Fighter are introduced. The features of lift propulsion systems taking lift engine,thrust vector nozzle and lift fan as their cores are analyzed. The disad⁃vantages of these aircrafts’propulsion systems are pointed out. Since the aircrafts mentioned before are not perfect,a new con⁃cept fan⁃wing aircraft is put forward in this paper. It has the ability of take⁃off and landing in a short way(even can realize verti⁃cal take⁃off and landing),and has many other advantages. The longitudinal mathematical model of the fan⁃wing aircraft is estab⁃lished in this paper. Base on the model,the take⁃off process of the fan⁃wing aircraft was simulated with Matlab/Simulink. The characteristic of short take⁃off and landing was verified. The results indicate that the change of take⁃off and landing distance is influenced by centre⁃of⁃gravity position,rotate speed,and elevator deflection angle.%回顾垂直/短距起降（V/STOL）喷气式飞机的发展情况，介绍鹞式战斗机、雅克战斗机以及JSF战斗机的升力推进技术特点，分析以升力发动机、矢量喷管和升力风扇为核心的升力推进系统的特征，并且指出了这些飞机的推进系统存在的缺点。鉴于此，研究了一种新型扇翼飞行器——扇翼机。该飞行器具有超短距起降（甚至可垂直起降）的特性以及其他很多优点。对这种扇翼机建立了纵向的数学模型，在Matlab/Simulink环境下通过数值仿真，验证了其具有超短距起降的特性。从结果还可以看出重心位置、转速以及升降舵偏转角对扇翼飞机起降距离的影响。