在振动和冲击信号测试领域，压电类传感器常搭配ICA104电荷放大器构成低成本微小型的检测系统。针对该低成本小型化冲击检测系统存在响应速度有延迟，响应幅值有衰减并且存在其他干扰，其动态特性难以满足实时检测等问题，提出一种基于模糊控制理论的模糊自适应PID补偿算法。该算法利用改进隶属函数分布的模糊规则，对不断变化的系统偏差及其变化率进行推算，实现对P，I，D三个参数的在线自修正，以保证该算法能够适应系统自身或外界变化，始终以最优的状态对该系统进行补偿。实验结果表明，该算法能够较好地跟踪校准信号，补偿后的系统幅值响应提高了14.7%，响应起始时间提前了0.4 ms，峰值时间减少了0.21 ms，调节时间缩短了3.8 ms，从而达到对系统补偿的目的，优化了检测系统的实时性和跟踪精度等动态特性。%In the field of vibration and shock signal testing,piezoelectric sensors tends to match with ICA104 charge amplifier to form a low?cost miniaturization detection system. The low?cost miniaturization shock test system has the defects of delayed re?sponse,response amplitude attenuation and other disturbances,whose dynamic characteristics are difficult to meet the require?ment of real?time detection. Therefore,a fuzzy adaptive PID compensation algorithm based on fuzzy control theory is proposed. The fuzzy rules of improving the membership function distribution is used in the algorithm to calculate the constantly?changing deviation and its change rate of the system to realize the online self?modification of three parameters for PID,so as to ensure that the algorithm can adapt to the change of the system itself or the outside and compensates the system in an optimal state all the time. The results of simulation and experiments illustrate that the algorithm can track the calibration signal well,the ampli?tude response of the system after compensation is increased by 14.7%,the response starting time is advanced by 0.4 ms,the peaking time is decreased by 0.21 ms and the regulation time is shortened by 3.8 ms,so as to achieve the purpose of compensat?ing the system and optimize the real?time performance,tracking accuracy and other dynamic characteristics of the detection sys?tem.
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