14 q32 miRNA基因簇与肝细胞癌的发生发展

摘要

Hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) , as one of the most common malignant neoplasms , has a relatively high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide.MicroRNAs (miRNAs),a type of comparatively conserved endogenous small non-coding RNAs, function as pivotal regulators involved in various biological functions through the post -transcriptional regulation of gene expression .Some miRNA genes are arranged into a intandem model and reside close together on the same chromosome , forming miRNA clusters . These clustered miRNAs are mostly located on polycistronic transcripts and expressed at similar levels.In the human imprinted 14q32 region, 52 miRNA genes are organized as a large cluster which spans about 220 kb of the long arm ( q) .Lines of evidence show that dysregulation of miRNAs in this cluster are involved in the development of HCC .This review summarizes the structural characteristics of 14 q32 miRNA cluster as well as its impact on HCC in initiation and progression .%肝细胞癌（肝癌，hepatocellular carcinoma ，HCC ）是全球范围内发生率和死亡率较高的恶性肿瘤之一。微小RNA（ microRNA，miRNA）是一类内源性、非编码、高度保守的单链小分子RNA，主要在转录后水平抑制靶基因的表达。有些位置相近的miRNA基因在染色体上成簇排列，在一个多顺反子内形成miRNA基因簇，通常以共表达的形式协同作用。在人类14号染色体长臂端的14q32印迹基因区域约215 kb的基因组范围内，聚集了52个miRNA基因。已有研究发现此miRNA基因簇的异常表达与肝癌的发生发展密切相关。该文概括了14 q32 miRNA基因簇的结构特点，并对其在肝癌发生发展过程中所发挥的作用进行了综述。