异基因造血干细胞移植中同种异体NK细胞的临床应用及研究进展

摘要

杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(KIR)识别并与靶细胞表面人类白细胞抗原(HLA)Ⅰ类分子结合后转导活化性或抑制性信号,从而调节自然杀伤(NK)细胞活性.在异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)中,当KIR识别的HLA配体缺失时,NK细胞的同种异体反应性被激活,并特异性杀伤靶细胞.NK细胞KIR分子与靶细胞HLA分子特异性识别机制参与移植物抗白血病(GvL)效应和移植物抗宿主病(GvHD).同种异体NK细胞介导的GvL效应和降低的GvHD发生率使其适合移植.现就allo-HSCT中同种异体NK细胞的临床应用及研究进展予以综述.%Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors( KIRs )recognize and bind with human leukocyte antigen( HLA )class Ⅰ molecules of target cell specifically, conducting activating or inhibitory signals to regulate NK cell activity.In allo-hematoopoietic stem cell transplantation( allo-HSCT ), KIR-HLA mismatch will stimulate alloreactivity of NK cell ,which makes NK cell kill target cell specifically.The mechanism of KIR specifically recognizing HLA participates in graft-versus-leukemia( GvL )effect and graft-versus-host disease( GvHD ).The GvL effect and reduction of incidence of GvHD mediated by allo-reacive NK cell make it fit for transplantation.Consequently, here is to review the clinical application and research progress of alloreactive NK cell in allo-HSCT.