阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者上呼吸道扩张肌与去神经化改变

摘要

The opening of upper airway depends on the reflex control of afferent nerve, efferent nerve and the muscle of upper airway. Damage of any part of the reflex can affect the opening of upper airway. Studies have shown that , mechanical vibration from long-term snoring , stretch caused by snoring and long-term hypopnea or hypoxia ,may cause peripheral nerve damage in Ohstructive Sleep Apnea Hyponea Syndrome( OSAHS )patients. Nerve injury would lose its domination of the muscle fiber activity and nutrition supply , which causes a series of morphological, physiological and metabolic changes. Therefore, denervation changes affect not only the mucosa in patients with OSAHS,but also the upper airway dilator function.%上呼吸道的开放依赖于黏膜中传入、传出神经和上呼吸道肌的反射调控,其中任何一个环节受损都可影响上呼吸道的开放.OSAHS患者长期打鼾引起的机械振动、牵拉及长期低通气或缺氧,可能造成上呼吸道外周神经的损伤.神经的损伤会使其所支配的肌纤维失去肌电活动和营养供应,从而出现一系列形态结构、生理生化及代谢功能等方面的改变.因此去神经化的改变不仅影响OSAHS患者的黏膜,而且也对上呼吸道扩张肌的功能产生重要影响.