Arthrodesis of the spine is an important and useful technique for the management of spinal disorders including deformity, trauma, segmental instability, and symptomatic disc degeneration. Rigid stabilization of the spine with segmental fixation, fixed axis screws, and large diameter rods creates a mechanical environment that is associated with higher fusion rates than non-instrumented or semi-rigid constructs. However,rigid segmental fixation may have significant adverse effects including an increase in the stress on adjacent mobile segments, and stress shielding the bone graft material within the regenerate. Dynamic stabilization of a painful motion segment is an alternative to rigid internal fixation that may be useful in improving rates of fusion, or in providing an alternative approach to the surgical management of a painful motion segment without arthrodesis. Techniques of dynamic stabilization have been developed and evaluated for the treatment of degenerative conditions of the cervical and lumbar spine, and for thoracolumbar trauma and deformity.%对于脊柱疾病而言,脊柱融合术是一项重要、非常有用的技术,无论是畸形、外伤、节段性失稳,还是有症状的椎间盘退变.与无器械固定或者半坚强固定而言,借助节段间固定、牢固的轴向螺钉以及大直径的纵向连接杆构建的力学环境形成的坚强脊柱固定,其脊柱融合率明显提高.但是,坚强的节段间固定可能有显著的负面效应,包括增加邻近节段的应力,应力遮挡效应影响移植骨的再生.对于疼痛节段而言,动态固定可能是脊柱坚强固定的一种替代方法内固定,可能有助于提高融合率,或者提供一种非融合技术.动态固定技术得到了发展,其治疗颈椎和腰椎退行性疾病、胸腰椎损伤和畸形的作用也得到评价.
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