诱导多能干细胞分化为胰岛β样细胞的研究进展

摘要

Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have pluripotent properties,which are similar to embryonic stem cells and obtained by somatic reprogramming through gene transfection and small molecule compounds therapy in vitro.Induction of iPSCs into islet β-like cells secreting insulin with 3D structure in vitro can be used to treat diabetes mellitus,which can effectively solve many difficult problems such as ethical and source limitation of adult islet transplantation.Human iPSCs induced differentiation into islet β-like cells needs combined regulation of external and internal factors,but currently there are no uniform standard inducing methods to obtain substantial and stable islet β-like cells,as well as two key issues of carcinogenic risk and immune rejection.Therefore,the transplantation of islet β-like cells derived from iPSCs for the treatment of diabetes is a key and difficult problem to be solved in the future.%人类诱导多能干细胞(iPSCs)是通过体外基因转染、小分子化合物处理等方法诱导体细胞重编程而获得的类似胚胎干细胞的多能性干细胞,在体外将其诱导为有分泌胰岛素功能的具有3D结构的胰岛β样细胞进行移植治疗糖尿病,可以较好地解决既往成体胰岛移植所面临的伦理、来源受限等诸多难题.人类iPSCs诱导分化成胰岛β样细胞需内外因子体外联合调控,但目前尚无统一标准诱导方法大量并稳定的获得胰岛β样细胞,且存在致瘤风险及免疫排斥两大关键问题.因此,iPSCs来源的胰岛β样细胞移植治疗糖尿病是未来亟待解决的重点和难点问题.