神经肽Y及其受体对骨代谢调节的研究进展

摘要

神经肽Y在哺乳动物中分布广泛,它参与调节机体多种重要的生理活动,尤其对骨代谢的调节作用较为显著.神经肽Y作为神经系统调节骨代谢的调控递质,通过与其分布在成骨细胞及破骨细胞表面的不同受体,尤其是Y1、Y2受体特异性结合,影响骨形成速率和骨量形成,进而影响骨折愈合.目前人们对于神经肽Y对骨代谢的研究结论主要有两个方面:骨折发生时,断端神经肽Y增多,加速骨痂形成;限制性过表达神经肽Y可引起骨量减少或不影响骨量变化.骨折延期愈合和骨不连是骨折常见的并发症,是当前临床面临的难题之一,因而明确神经肽Y对骨代谢的调节作用是未来研究的方向.%Neuropeptide Y is widely distributed in mammals,which participates in the regulation of many important physiological activities,especially bone metabolism.As a neurotransmitter regulating the metabolism of bone,neuropeptide Y interacts with different receptors especially the Y1 and Y2 receptors that locate on the surface of osteoblasts and osteoclasts to regulate bone formation rate and amount,therefore affecting fracture healing.At present,there are two main conclusions about the study of neuropeptide Y on bone metabolism:when fracture occurs,neuropeptide Y is increased and the formation of callus is accelerated;restricted overexpression of neuropeptide Y can cause bone loss or not.Delayed healing and nonunion are the most common complications of bone fracture,which are the most tough problems faced by the current clinical practice.It is urgent to clarify the regulation of neuropeptide Y on bone metabolism in the future research.