舱室内爆炸致大鼠颅脑爆震伤模型的建立

摘要

目的 建立一种模拟舱室内爆炸冲击波致伤的大鼠颅脑爆震伤模型.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠50只,随机分为胸腹有保护3、5、8g TNT当量组,无保护5g TNT当量组和正常对照组(n=10).将不同当量的裸药悬吊于舱室中心.除正常对照组以外,其他组大鼠麻醉后,放或不放保护胸腹装置,俯卧放置于裸药下方约31cm处,面向爆源.爆炸后,观察大鼠存活情况,于爆炸后3h、1d、3d进行血清学和病理学检查.结果 从爆后组织损伤和大鼠死亡情况来看,与正常对照组相比,胸腹有保护3g TNT当量组未见明显组织损伤,全部存活;5g TNT当量组肺组织损伤较轻,脑组织水肿明显,脑表面血管增粗,有少量斑片状出血,死亡率为30％;8g TNT当量组脏器损伤严重,死亡率80％;胸腹无保护5g TNT当量组肺部损伤严重,几乎全部当场死亡.胸腹有保护5g TNT当量组致伤情况较为符合实验需求.进一步行血清学和病理检测显示:胸腹有保护5g TNT当量组大鼠脑含水量增加,血清神经元特异烯醇化酶(NSE)和S-100β蛋白含量显著升高,脑皮质和海马区神经细胞呈坏死或凋亡改变.结论 大鼠在胸腹有保护的情况下,5g TNT舱室中心爆炸可建立较稳定的颅脑爆震伤动物模型.%Objective To establish a rat model of craniocerebral blast injury caused by the shock wave of cabin explosion.Methods Fifty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (10 each):3g,5g,8g TNT with vest groups,5g TNT without vest group and control group.Uncased explosives of different equivalent were suspended in the cabin center.After anesthesia,with exception of control group,the rats were placed in prone position about 31 cm below the explosive,facing the explosive with or without vest.After the explosion,the survived rats were observed,serological and pathological examinations were performed at 3h,1d and 3d after the explosion.Results In terms of tissue damage and mortality,compared with the control group,no obvious injury formed in rats of the 3g TNT with vest group,and all of them survived;Rats in 5g TNT with vest group showed mild lung injury,brain tissue edema,enlarged blood vessel,patchy hemorrhage on the brain surface,and with a mortality of 30％;Rats in 8g TNT with vest group showed serious organ damage with a mortality of 80％;Rats in 5g TNT without vest group suffered from severe lung injury,almost all died right after the explosion.Therefore,rats in 5g TNT with vest group were more in line with the experimental needs.Further serum and pathologic examinations showed that the brain water content increased,the serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S-100β protein also increased markedly,and necrotic or apoptotic changes happened in the cortex and hippocampus neurons.Conclusion A stable animal model of craniocerebral blast injury may be established with rats in the case of chest and abdomen protected and then exposed to 5g TNT explosion in cabin.