舰船烟雾致吸入性肺损伤大鼠模型的建立及评价

摘要

Objective To establish and evaluate a rat model of inhalation lung injury induced by ship smog.Methods A rat model of inhalation lung injury was established by analyzing the composition of ship materials after combustion.Fortytwo healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group and 2,6,12,24,48 and 72h groups (6 each)after inhalation,these rats were killed at each time point,and the changes of arterial blood gas,coagulation function,the lung water content (％) were detected.Macroscopic and microscopic changes in lung tissues were observed to judge the degree of lung injury.Results The main components after combustion of 7 kinds of nonmetal materials on ship included CO,CO2,H2S,NOx and other harmful gases in this study,AIKE in one gas detector was used to monitor O2,CO,CO2 and H2S,and their concentrations remained relatively stable within 15 minutes,and the injury time was 15 minutes.The rats presented with shortness of breath and mouth breathing.Smoke inhalation caused a significant hypoxemia,the concentration of blood COHb reached a peak value 2h and the lung water content (％) did 6h after inhalation (P＜0.05).It is metabolic acidosis in the early stage after inhalation,but metabolic acidosis combined with respiratory acidosis in the later period.Histopathological observation showed diffuse hemorrhage,edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissue as manifestations of lung injury,and the injury did not recover at 72h after inhalation,the change of blood coagulation function was not statistically significant.Conclusion A rat model of inhalation lung injury induced by ship smog has been successfully established,and has the advantages of easy replication,stability and reliability,thus can be used to research and treat inhalation lung injury induced by ship smog in naval war environment and other cases.%目的 构建舰船烟雾致吸入性肺损伤大鼠模型并对其进行评价.方法 采用气体检测仪分析舰船材料燃烧后成分,建立吸入性肺损伤大鼠模型.42只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和建模后2、6、12、24、48、72h组(n=6),于各个时相点检测各组大鼠动脉血气、凝血时间的变化,活杀后取标本,测定肺含水率(％),观察肺大体及病理改变,观察肺损伤程度.结果 7种舰船非金属材料燃烧后的成分主要包括CO、CO2、H2S、NOx等有害气体.致伤时烟雾中O2、CO、CO2、H2S在20min内浓度相对稳定,致伤时间为15min.大鼠吸入烟雾后出现呼吸急促、张口呼吸,表现为低氧血症,碳氧血红蛋白(COHb)于吸入后2h达峰值(P＜0.05),肺含水率于6h达峰值(P＜0.05);伤后早期为代谢性酸中毒,后期为代谢性酸中毒合并呼吸性酸中毒;病理观察可见肺组织出血、水肿及炎性细胞浸润,呈肺损伤表现,至吸入后72h仍未恢复;凝血功能的改变无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 成功建立了舰船烟雾致吸入性肺损伤大鼠模型,具有易复制、稳定、可靠的优点,可用于海上战争环境及其他情况下舰船烟雾吸入性肺损伤研究.