钴锰放射性核素皮肤沾染去污剂的初步研制

摘要

目的 研制一种可以有效清除皮肤钴(Co2+)、锰(Mn2+)放射性物质沾染的去污剂.方法 采用单因素考察和正交试验,研究去污剂配方组成;采用国家标准《消毒技术规范》中的皮肤刺激试验考察去污剂配方的皮肤刺激强度,按该标准中的评分方法评价其刺激性;采用常规去污沐浴露制备工艺制备去污剂;采用国标推荐的化学方法测定去污剂pH值、总活性物质、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)含量和稳定性;采用志愿者手背皮肤进行CO2+和Mn2+稳定性核素沾染的去污效率测定.结果 筛选获得放射性沾染皮肤去污剂配方组成,制备获得高效去污剂.理化性质分析显示去污剂pH值为6.99,总活性物质含量为20.49％,EDTA含量为5.99％.稳定性试验结果显示,去污剂经-5℃和40℃环境放置24h后,无异味,无沉淀和变色现象,产品透明不混浊.皮肤冷态去污试验结果显示,去污剂对CO2+和Mn2+皮肤沾染的去污效率(分别为103.13％±0.05％和100.62％±0.09％)明显高于蒸馏水对照的去污率(分别为81.77％ ±0.23％和79.63％ ± 0.23％,P＜0.01).结论 所研制的放射性沾染皮肤去污剂对冷态钴、锰核素沾染具有显著的去污效果,有望开发成放射性沾染皮肤的高效去污剂.%Objective To develop a detergent for decontamination of Co2+ and Mn2+ on skin.Methods Single-factor experimental and orthogonal experimental designs were performed to study the formula composition of the decontaminant.The skin irritation experiment was performed and assessed according to the standard method.The detergent was prepared according the conventional process of showering gel.The pH,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) level,total active substances of the detergent,and its stability were evaluated according to the chemical method recommended in the national standard GB/T 13173-2008.The decontamination efficiency on stable isotopes of Co2+ and Mn2+ contamination was measured on the back of hand skin of volunteers.Results The formula composition of the decontaminant was obtained through the orthogonal experiment.The pH value of the detergent was 6.99,total active substance was 20.49％ and the content of EDTA was 5.99％.After being kept at-5 ℃ and 40℃℃ for 24h,the decontaminant showed no strange smell,no precipitation,no discoloration and still kept transparent.The decontamination effects on Co2+ and Mn2+ contaminated on hand skin were 103.13％ ± 0.05％ and 100.62％ ± 0.09％,respectively,which was significantly higher than that of distilled water (81.77％ ± 0.23％ and 79.63％ ± 0.23％,P＜0.01,respectively).Conclusion The decontaminant has a high effect on decontamination of Co2+ and Mn2+ polluted on skin,and is hopeful to be developed as an effective detergent on radioactive isotopes contamination.