某高校退休职工骨质疏松现状调查及影响因素分析

摘要

目的 了解某高校退休职工骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)现状,分析骨质疏松相关影响因素.方法 选取2016年1-6月于北京交通大学社区卫生服务中心参加常规体检的785名该校离退休教职工,采用双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)测腰椎(L1-4)、股骨颈、Ward三角区、大转子区的骨密度,并进行标准的问卷调查及实验室常规检测,根据骨密度分为骨质疏松组和非骨质疏松组,单因素方差分析比较两组一般资料,利用多因素Logistic回归分析骨质疏松的影响因素.结果 OP患病率为23.06％.单因素分析结果显示,两组在性别、年龄、压力、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、饮牛奶、收缩压、舒张压、体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、糖尿病、冠心病、脑卒中、高血压病史方面均有统计学差异(P ＜0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析发现,女性、增龄、大WHR、吸烟、合并高血压、糖尿病、脑卒中、冠心病为OP可能危险因素,高文化程度、高BMI为OP保护因素.结论 退休教职工OP状况严峻,患病率较高,年龄增大、女性、向心性肥胖、吸烟、合并高血压、糖尿病、脑卒中、冠心病的人群更容易发生OP.%Objective To find out about the prevalence of osteoporosis among the retirees of a university and analyze the risk factors and protection factors related to osteoporosis. Methods A total of 785 retirees were enrolled in the Community Health Service Center of Beijing Jiaotong University from January to June 2016. The bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae (L1-4), femoral neck, Ward's triangle area and greater trochanter was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Standard questionnaires and laboratory routine tests were performed. According to the bone mineral density, the patients were divided into the osteoporosis group and non-osteoporosis group. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the general data on the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors and protection factors of osteoporosis. Results The prevalence of osteoporosis was 23. 06％. The results of univariate analysis showed that there was significant difference in gender, age, pressure, education levels, smoking, drinking, milk drinking, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, BMI, WHR, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and hypertension history between the two groups (P ＜ 0. 05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that femininity, aging, large WHR, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, stroke and coronary heart disease were risk factors for OP, while high education levels and high BMI were protective factors of OP. Conclusions Osteoporosis is prevalent among the retirees, and more prevalent than among normal people. Old age, femininity, central obesity, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, stroke and coronary heart disease can increase the chance of osteoporosis.