目的：研究无意识刺激对飞行学员视觉搜索绩效的促进作用。方法以15名航空大学高年级飞行学员为受试对象，应用Eprime 2.0软件设计编写视觉搜索试验程序，对飞行学员完成任务的正确率和反应时进行测试，并进行双因素方差分析。结果对视觉搜索的正确率进行分析表明，线索提示范围的主效应有统计学意义（P＜0.05），阈下刺激呈现时间的主效应无统计学意义（P＞0.05），二者的交互作用也无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；当线索提示范围为小范围时，对正确率进行简单效应分析，结果发现3种不同呈现时间下受试对象视觉搜索正确率的差异无统计学意义（P=0.058），其中35 ms条件下，受试对象的正确率最高；对视觉搜索的反应时进行双因素方差分析表明，线索提示范围的主效应有统计学意义（P＜0.05），阈下刺激呈现时间的主效应不显著（P＞0.05），二者的交互作用也不显著（P＞0.05）。结论小范围提示条件下，受试对象接受35 ms （接近阈限水平）的线索提示时视觉搜索的正确率最高。无意识刺激得到了较高水平的加工，可以用于提高飞行人员完成视觉搜索任务时的工作绩效。%ObjectiveTo study the contribution of unconscious stimuli to visual search performance of pilot candidates.MethodsA total of 15 senior pilot candidates in an Air Force university were recruited as the subjects. A visual search experiment was designed by E-prime 2.0 psychology software so as to control the presentation time of experiment materials and measure the response time and accuracy of the visual search task. The data were statistically analyzed with Two-Way ANOVA.ResultsVariance analysis of task accuracy showed that the main effect of the cue range was remarkable(P<0.05), but the main effect of the duration for each stimuli presentation and the interaction was insignificant (P>0.05). In case of a small cue range, analysis of simple effect on task accuracy showed that the difference was marginally significant statistically(P=0.058). The highest accuracy was achieved when the stimulus presentation time was 35 ms. Variance analysis of response time showed that the main effect of the cue range was remarkable(P<0.05), while, the main effect of the duration for each stimulus presentation and interaction was insignificant(P>0.05).Conclusion The results of behavioral experiments show that those small scale cues of the threshold level (35 ms) can improve pilot candidates' accuracy of visual search, so subliminal perception is processed at a high cognition level. The unseen visual cues can be used to improve visual search performance of pilot candidates.
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