以情景构建为基础的美国应急预案体系建设对我国应急管理的启示

摘要

Objective Providing recommendations for the construction of the emergency plan, through carding the state of the US emergency plan construction. Methods Searching documents and literature relevant to US emergency plans, and summarizing the results of the US construction plan. Results The emergency planning system of USA based on scenarios building has greatly improved its emergency management capabilities and provide a strong guarantee to respond to public emergencies. Conclusion In the"Thirteen Five"the ifrst year and the amendments of emergency plan should strengthen the using of"scenario-response"model, implement the basic idea"public participation, local management", and strengthening the legal system to protect emergency plan.%目的：通过对美国应急预案建设现状的梳理，为我国应急预案建设提供建议。方法检索美国应急预案建设的相关文件以及文献，归纳、总结美国预案建设的成果。结果美国以情景构建为基础的预案体系建设极大地提高了其应急管理能力，并为突发公共事件的应对提供了有力的保障。结论在“十三五”开局之年以及我国应急预案修订完善的过程中应加强“情景-应对”模式运用、贯彻“全民参与、属地管理”的基本理念，同时加强应急预案的法制建设保障。