现代航天器通常携带大量的液体燃料，液体晃动会影响航天器的姿态稳定性和控制精度，因此需要对晃动行为进行精确建模。本文系统介绍了微重环境下液体晃动问题的国内外研究现状：理论分析方面，总结了小幅晃动和非线性晃动的研究方法；数值计算方面，介绍了模态分析和CFD (computational fluid dy-namics)方法在该问题上的应用；物理实验方面，阐述了地面实验和在轨实验的方法及进展。最后进行总结与评价，并提出了该领域未来需要解决的3个问题。%Sloshing of liquid propellant in microgravity and its influence on the attitude control system have been studied for several decades. Accurate modeling is necessary, especially, for modern spacecrafts carrying large amounts of liquid propellant. Research progress on this issue is reviewed, including a summary of analytical methods for both linear and nonlinear sloshing, an introduction of numerical techniques such as modal analysis and CFD (computational fluid dynamics) methods, and also a description of experimental approaches and advances. Finally, some critical problems concerning liquid sloshing in microgravity are proposed and discussed.
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