中国五大良种黄牛品质特性的研究进展

摘要

Yellow cattle widely distribute all over China. There are 53 cattle breeds recognized in the country, 5 breeds of which are renowned for excellent draft performance and meat quality. This review summarizes the recent progress in studying meat quality characteristics of the 5 cattle breeds, leading to the conclusion that comprehensive, systematic and in-depth studies are lacking; carcass segmentation and meat grading are only dimly understood and have been scarcely investigated. It is suggested that meat grading and quality evaluation should be carried out under modern processing conditions for a better understanding of meat quality characteristics. Additionally, the effects of gender, slaughter age and carcass location on meat quality of the 5 cattle breeds need to be investigated in order to ensure the meat quality. This paper is expected to provide useful data for developing excellent beef cattle breeds and establishing carcass segmentation and meat grading standards for local cattle breeds in China.%黄牛分布遍布全国，被认可的黄牛品种有53个，其中役肉性能良好的品种有5个，称为五大良种黄牛。本文总结了我国五大良种黄牛品质特性的研究现状，发现对我国五大良种黄牛品质特性缺乏全面、系统、深入的研究，对于其分级分割的认识模糊，相应的研究较少。建议完善我国五大良种黄牛品质特性的研究，采用现代加工条件对肉质进行合理的评级评价，补充五大良种黄牛的不同性别、年龄、部位品质的研究，保存其优良性状，以期为我国选育优良肉用型品种和形成我国本地牛品种的分级分割方法提供参考。