本文主要研究高性能国产聚酰亚胺纤维在复合材料气瓶上的应用, 并表征其与进口碳纤维的性能差距.采用国产聚酰亚胺纤维进行缠绕成型工艺优化与复合材料性能测试分析, 在测试数据及工艺优化基础上针对其进行了复合材料气瓶的强度设计.分别采用聚酰亚胺纤维、进口T300、T700以及T800碳纤维缠绕成型复合材料气瓶, 进行水压爆破压强的测试, 并引进声发射检测技术对其在水压过程中的损伤信号进行监测分析.结果表明聚酰亚胺纤维缠绕工艺性良好, 与树脂界面结合优异, 适用于湿法缠绕成型工艺.复合材料拉伸强度达到1 708 MPa, 纤维的强度发挥率高达80％, 相比于碳纤维复合材料其呈现出较好的断裂韧性, 有利于减少复合材料气瓶在水压下的应力损伤.缠绕成型的聚酰亚胺纤维复合材料气瓶容器特征系数 (PV/W)高达32. 2 km, 其在航空航天、医用、汽车、核工业等领域具有广阔的应用前景.%This paper mainly studies the application of high performance domestic polyimide fiber in composite cylinders and characterized its performance gap with imported carbon fiber. Filament winding process verification of the domestic polyimide fiber was researched and mechanical properties of domestic polyimide fiber composite were tested. On the basis of the test data and process optimization, the strength design of the composite cylinder was carried out. The composite cylinders were fabricated respectively by using domestic polyimide fiber, imported T300, T700, and T800 carbon fibers. The burst pressure of the composite cylinders was studied by hydrostatic test. Moreover, acoustic emission testing technology was introduced to monitor the damage signals during the hydrostatic test. The results showed that domestic polyimide fiber presented good manufacturability for filament winding process and excellent bonding with resin. The tensile strength of the composite reached 1 708 MPa and the fiber strength ratio was up to 80％. Compared with carbon fiber composite, the domestic polyimide fiber composite exhibits better fracture toughness. It was beneficial to reduce the stress damage of composite cylinders under internal hydrostatic pressure. The value of PV/W to the composite cylinder, which was fabricated by domestic polyimide fibers, was up to 32. 2 km. It indicates that the domestic polyimide fiber composite can be widely used in aviation, aerospace, medical, automotive, nuclear industry, and other fields.
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