环境响应型智能微载体材料可以响应温度、pH值、磁场、化学物质等环境刺激的微小变化，实现物质的自律式控制释放，在药物送达、酶和细胞固定化、分离纯化等领域显示出突出的优越性，具有广泛应用前景。综述了环境响应型控制释放微载体材料的研究进展，介绍了“开一关模式”控释微囊和“突释模式”控释微囊等环境响应型控释微载体材料的研究新进展，着重介绍了温度响应型、血糖浓度响应型、离子识别响应型“开一关模式”控释微囊以及温度响应型、pH响应型、离子识别响应型“突释模式”控释微囊的制备与性能方面的研究新成果。目前，环境响应型智能微载体材料仍多处于基础研究阶段，还需要进一步系统深入研究和开发完善。%Environmental stimuli-responsive smart mierocarrier materials, which can realize self-regulated controlled-release in response to the change of temperature, pH, magnetic field and special chemicals in external environment, exhibit excellent superiorities in various fields, such as drug delivery, immobilization of enzyme and cells, and separation and purification of chemicals. The progress in development of environmental stimuli-responsive smart microcarrier materials are reviewed, in which the smart gating microcapsules for controlled-release and smart microcapsules for controlled burst-release are introduced. Especially, the thermo-responsive, glucose-responsive and ion-recognition smart gating microcapsules for controlled-release as well as the thermo-responsive, pH-responsive and ion-recognition smart microcapsules for burst-release are introduced and reviewed systematically. At present, environmental stimuli-responsive smart microcarrier materials are still in the basic research stage and need intensive study and further development.
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