基于均相氧催化反应的锂空气电池研究进展

摘要

Lithium oxygen battery is considered as one of the most promising energy storage systems due to its high theoretical energy density.However,its development is severely hindered by the large overpotentials and poor cycling stability.Efforts have previously been taken on the development of various types of heterogeneous electrocatalysts to enhance the electrode reactions.However,issues pertaining to surface passivation and pore clogging of the cathode remain.Homogenous catalysis with soluble redox mediators thus comes to the attention.While effective in addressing the surface passivation issue,pore clogging problem remains unsolved due to the limited space in the cathode.Therefore,redox flow lithium oxygen battery was proposed by introducing a gas diffusion tank,which elegantly overcomes these hurdles.Lastly,the gap between present research work and practical applications,as well as future development of lithium oxygen battery is briefly discussed.%由于高的理论能量密度,锂空气电池被看作最有前景的能源存储系统之一.但是,目前仍有许多因素制约着它的发展,比如大的极化电压、电解液和空气电极的不稳定性,以及由此带来的差的循环稳定性等.此前,研究人员重点研究了各种固态电催化剂来解决上述问题.但由于固态催化剂自身的特性,它并不能解决空气电极的表面钝化以及隙的堵塞问题,因此人们开始转向均相催化剂.从金属空气电池的结构来看,由于正极的有效空间有限,即使均相催化剂也不能从根本上解决正极的钝化和堵塞问题.因此,本课题组设计了一种新的锂空气电池装置——氧化还原液流锂空气电池,来彻底解决上述的两个问题.在此文最后,将根据目前基础研究和实际应用之间的差距,简要讨论未来锂空气电池的发展.