含钪微合金化铝合金研究现状及发展趋势

摘要

含钪微合金化铝合金是一类新型铝合金材料.钪被认为是目前铝合金最好的合金强化元素,钪加入铝合金中,形成Al3Sc颗粒,产生强烈的微合金化作用,可全面提高铝合金的性能,含钪铝合金被认为是新一代航空航天、舰船、兵器等用高性能合金材料.对钪在铝合金中所表现出来的物理冶金行为及作用做了综述与分析,如明显地细化晶粒、强烈地沉淀强化及抑制再结晶等.介绍了钪元素全面提升铝合金综合力学性能,如耐腐蚀性能、焊接性能等方面的效果.结合国内外含钪微合金化铝合金的研究进展与成果,探讨了国内该领域的研究方向与发展趋势.%Scandium microalloying aluminum alloy is a kind of new material.Scandium is considered to be the best alloy strengthening element for aluminum alloys at present.The addition of scandium to aluminum alloy forms Al3Sc particles and produces a strong microalloying effect,which can improve the properties of aluminum alloy in an all-round way.Scandium microalloying aluminum alloy is considered to be a high performance alloy material for the new generation of aerospace,ship,weapons and so on.The physical metallurgical behaviors and performances were summarized in this paper,such as obviously grain refining,intensively precipitation strengthening,recrystallization inhibiting and so forth.The improvements of Sc on the properties of Al alloys,such as comprehensive mechanical properties,corrosion resistance,weldability and so on,were introduced.Based on the international and domestic researches,the paper discussed the development trends in this field.