To further study the breeding strategy for Pinctada fucata, genetic structures of 9 families was investi-gated by using 6 microsatellite loci. 6 pairs of amplified and polymorphic primers are screened out from 60 pairs., and 17 alleles were discovered among 6 microsatellite loci. The number of alleles on each loci is 2 to 4 and the av-erage is about 2.833. The effective allele number ranged from 2.030 to 2.632. The mean observed value and mean expected value of heterozygosis were 0.4306 to 0.6354 and 0.4380 to 0.5962, respectively. Genetic differentiation coefficient (FST) reached 0.0749, demonstrating these 9 families had a moderately differentiation. 9 fimilies were divided into two clusters after clustering analysis by using NJ method. According to the calculation, the genetic distance between F7 and F9 was the nearest, the furthest one was between F11 and F12. It is suggested that F11 should be given prior consideration so as to gain stable genetic family by using selfing and to gain heterosis by hy-bridizing with F12.%利用6个微卫星位点研究了9个马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)养殖家系的遗传结构,为后续育种工作提供了指导。从60对引物中筛选出6对能够稳定扩增且多态性较好的引物。6个微卫星位点在9个家系中共检测到17个等位基因,每个位点等位基因数(A)为2~4个,平均2.833个。6个位点在9个家系上的有效等位基因数(Ne)平均值为2.030~2.632,平均杂合度观测值(Ho)为0.4306~0.6354,平均杂合度期望值(He)为0.4380~0.5962。家系间遗传分化系数(FST)为0.0749。采用NJ法进行聚类分析显示,9个家系分为明显的两支,根据遗传距离计算结果, F7和F9家系之间的遗传距离最近, F11与F12家系遗传距离最远。结果表明,9个家系的遗传多样性和遗传分化处于中等水平,可以考虑F11与F12家系杂交,以期获得较好的杂种优势, F11自交培育出遗传稳定的优良家系。
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