威海小石岛人工鱼礁海域渔获物群落结构特征及其与环境因子相关性

摘要

为探究人工鱼礁投放对威海小石岛附近海域渔获物种类组成、渔获量变化、渔获物结构特征的影响，作者于2012~2013年对威海小石岛人工鱼礁区及对照区的渔获物和环境因子进行了调查，并采用聚类分析、单因子相似性分析及相似性百分比分析对渔获物结构特征进行分析，采用典范对应分析(CCA)对礁区主要物种与环境因子的相关性进行分析。结果显示，南、北礁区地笼网调查到渔获物种类数量高于对照区，分别为24、31和18种。南、北礁区鱼类和甲壳类生物资源量高于对照区。南、北礁区全年资源量占优势的种类为日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)和大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)，对照区为海刺猬(Glyptocidaris crenularis)和大泷六线鱼。聚类分析和单因子相似性分析表明，渔获物组成结构在季节间差异显著(P<0.05)，在春季和夏季，人工鱼礁区渔获物组成结构和对照区差异显著(P<0.05)。典范对应分析表明，水温、叶绿素a和溶解氧是影响礁区主要渔获物种类分布的主要环境因子。投放人工鱼礁改善了威海小石岛礁区水域的渔获物群落结构，并增加主要鱼类、甲壳类经济物种的渔获量。%Fishery resources and environmental elements in the Xiao Shidao artificial reef area and its control area were investigated during 2012–2013 to identify the influence of artificial reefs on species as well as catch commu-nity structure characteristics, which were analyzed using the CLUSTER, one-way ANOSIM, and SIMPER methods. The correlation between the dominant species and environmental factors was analyzed using CCA methods. The cage net survey results showed that the number of species in the southern and northern reef areas was higher than that in the control areas 18, 24, and 31. The dominant fish species throughout the year in the southern and northern reef areas were Charybdis japonica and Hexagrammos otakii. The dominant species in the control area were Glyptocidaris crenularis and Hexagrammos otakii. The size of the fish and crustacean catches in the southern and northern reef areas were higher than that in the control area. CLUSTER and ANOSIM analyses indicated significant differences in catch community structures both among seasons (P<0.05) and between the artificial reef areas and the control area during spring and summer (P<0.05). CCA analysis showed that the major environmental factors af-fecting the distribution of dominant species in reef areas were water temperature, chlorophyll, and dissolved oxygen. In conclusion, construction of artificial reefs ameliorated the catch community structure of the Xiao Shidao artifi-cial reef areas and increased the catch abundance of the dominant economic fish and crustacean species.