基于机器视觉的车床主轴径向跳动误差测量方法研究

摘要

Non-contact measurement is the way to solve the spindle on-line measurement.A machine vision system is proposed to measure the spindle radial run-out error of machine tool.The system consists of a plane CCD camera,a lens,a light source,a computer and an image processing software.CCD camera is used to record the image of the edge point of spindle,and the data of image processing is used to get the vibration value of edge point.The design of increasing lens image distance decrease the ratio of image and object and improve the actual positioning accuracy of the edge by combining sub-pixel positioning algorithm.Through the experiment and analysis,the measuring radial run-out error has reached a sub-micron.It shows that this method can be used to detect the radial run-out error,and is suitable for on-line measurement of spindle radial run-out error of machine tools with lower rotational speed.%非接触测量是解决主轴在线测量的途径.为此研究一种机器视觉系统用于机床主轴径向跳动误差的测量.该系统由面阵CCD相机、镜头、光源、计算机和图像处理软件组成.CCD传感器记录主轴边缘点的跳动图像,经过图像数据处理得到边缘点的跳动数值.设计长像距镜头,使得物象比例接近1,结合亚像素定位算法,提高边缘实际定位精度.经过分析验证,系统测量得到的径向跳动误差达亚微米级.表明该方法可以用于检测机床径向跳动精度,适用于转速较低的加工机床主轴跳动误差在线测量.