重载货车弹簧摩擦式缓冲器的性能研究

摘要

The working principle of spring friction draft gear for heavy haul freight cars was introduced, and a virtual prototype model of spring friction draft gear was established based on the ADAMS software. The influence rules between the initial pressure, spring stiffness, oblique plane angle, friction coefficient of friction pair, friction force and the characteristics of draft gear were analyzed. The results show that the impacting displacement can be lower with the increasing of the initial pressure and the spring stiffness. With the increasing of the oblique plane angle of wedge and center wedge, fixed inclined plate, the impacting displacement decreases, and the resistance force increases, but the varying tendency is nonlinear. The simulation analysis and experimental research of impacting test were carried out based on the optimum parameters. The simulation results accord with the experimental results.%介绍了重载货车弹簧摩擦式缓冲器的工作原理,采用ADAMS多体动力学仿真软件搭建了弹簧摩擦式缓冲器的虚拟样机模型.分析了缓冲器的初压力、弹簧刚度、斜面角度、摩擦副间的摩擦因数以及摩擦力对缓冲器工作性能的影响规律.结果表明,初压力和弹簧刚度增大,缓冲器的冲击行程将变小;楔块与中心楔块以及固定斜板与楔块间的角度增大,缓冲器的行程减小,阻抗力增加,且变化趋势呈现非线性.在选定的合理结构参数的基础上进行了冲击试验的仿真分析和试验研究,仿真和试验结果基本吻合.