发动机润滑油黏度等级对其性能的影响

摘要

为适应柴油发动机在不同环境条件下使用的需要,出现了不同黏度等级的润滑油,但润滑油黏度等级与其低温性能、高温性能、抗磨损性能等使用性能之间的相互关系还不够十分明确.实验研究润滑油黏度等级对其低温性能、高温性能和润滑性能等的影响.结果表明,内燃机油的黏度等级对其低温性能和润滑性能影响显著,高黏度等级润滑油温度较低时黏度增加较快,影响发动机的低温启动并加剧磨损,且功耗增加,但较高黏度等级润滑油有利于摩擦表面油膜的形成,可改善润滑;内燃机油的黏度对其高温性能有一定影响,较高的黏度有利于减小蒸发损失,但对高温清净性影响不大.%In order to make the diesel engine be used in the different circumstances, engine oils with different viscosity appeared. Although multi-grade engine oils guaranteed the engines to work properly, but it is not very clear how the engine oil's viscosity grade affects on its performances of low temperature,high temperature and lubrication. The influence of engine oil viscosity grades on its performances of low temperature, high temperature and lubrication was investigated. The results show that the performances of low temperature and lubrication of engine oils are affected by its viscosity grades, its high temperature performances such as detergency are hardly affected by the viscosity grades, the increase of oil viscosity grade is benefic for deceasing evaporation loss and oil film formation, but will make the engine power waste enhanced.