纵向力对列车车轮磨损特性的影响∗

摘要

The wheel will subject longitudinal forces when the train accelerating or decelerating, and the damages of wheel become more severe as the increase of longitudinal force,of which the wear of wheel become the issue that urgent need to study.Varied longitudinal forces were set on a JD⁃1 wheel/rail simulation facility by a magnetic powder brake to study the effect of longitudinal forces on the wear character of railway wheel. The results indicate that the weight loss of wheel specimens is increased with the increasing of longitudinal forces. Evident oxidizing occurs on the worn surface of wheel specimens and the oxygen content of worn surface has a trend of increase with the increasing of longitudinal forces. With the increasing of longitudinal force,the amount of surface cracks in scar is increased,while the length of it is de⁃creased.The wear debris of specimens produced during the test procedures is all in plate shape,whose shape size is inde⁃pendent with the test condition.The wear debris in plate shape manifests that the material loss of specimens at worn surface is dominant by delamination wear.%列车在加速和减速过程中车轮将承受纵向力的作用，随着纵向力的增加，车轮的损伤也随之加重，其中车轮的磨损成了迫切需要研究的课题。通过磁粉制动器在JD⁃1轮轨模拟试验机上设定不同的纵向力，研究其对车轮磨损特性的影响。结果表明，车轮试件的磨损量随着轮轨间纵向力的增大而增大；同时磨痕表面伴随着明显的氧化，且随着纵向力的增加，试件磨痕的氧元素含量有增加的趋势；磨痕的表面裂纹数量随着纵向力的增大而增多，但表面裂纹的长度却随之减小。试件在试验过程产生的磨屑均为片层状，其形状大小与试验条件无关，这种片层状的磨屑表明试件磨痕表面的材料损失主要以层离磨损为主。