19世纪中叶至20世纪初期传教士编写的各类宁波话文献中“等”为兼用做连词的介词，功能活跃，尽管在今宁波话已消失。结合明清吴语文献及南方其他汉语方言如湘方言邵东话、石城(龙岗)客家话中“等”皆可用做给予义动词、致使义动词和被动标记。汉语方言中“等”的语法化路径为“等给予”>“等让、使”>“等被动标记”；同时表致使义的“等”还可以演变为伴随介词，并进一步发展为其他介词和并列连词，这种演变也具有类型学依据。%The word “deng”(等)was used as a conj unction or preposition in the literature in Ningpo dialect by western missionaries from the mid-nineteenth century to the early twentieth centu-ry.The word was very active during that period but has totally disappeared today.Regarding the us-age of “deng”in the literature in Wu dialect during the Ming and Qing dynasties and other modern southern dialects like Shaodong subdialect of Xiang dialect and Shicheng subdialect of Hakka dialect, we can conclude that deng in these Chinese dialects has evolved along the following path of “deng”give> “deng”causative> “deng”passive marker,and“deng”causative> “deng”commitative prepostion> “deng”coordi-nate conjunction or has further developed into other prepositions.These findings are of typological signifi-cance.
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