Biomarkers play an important role in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tumors. They can be studied through body fluids, tissues or cells of human or animal models. Body fluids include blood, urine, and so forth. Researchers always focus on blood and do not pay enough attention to urine. However, in theo-ry, urine is not regulated by the body's homeostasis mechanism. It should be able to reflect changes in the body caused by diseases earlier and more sensitively and is therefore a more desirable source of biomarkers.Different proteins can also be used as candidate markers from conditioned cell culture media, tissues or or-gan perfusates. Herein, the results and methods of screening for differential proteins as biomarkers in con-ditioned media of tumor cells, hepatic perfusates from the rat model, and urine were compared. Analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of these three samples provides clues for future marker research.%在肿瘤的预防、诊断和治疗中, 生物标志物有着极其重要的作用.生物标志物的研究可以通过人或者动物模型的体液、组织或细胞等进行.体液包括血液与尿液等, 研究者们主要关注血液, 对于尿液不够重视, 但理论上尿液不受机体稳态机制的调控, 应该可以更早更敏感地反映机体因疾病所产生的变化, 是生物标志物更为理想的来源.研究者们也直接从细胞培养的条件培养基、组织或者器官灌流液等处寻找差异蛋白质作为候选标志物.本文试图通过对肿瘤细胞的条件培养基、大鼠模型肝脏灌流液、尿液筛选差异蛋白质作为生物标志物的结果和方法进行比较, 分析三者的优缺点, 为以后的标志物研究提供线索.
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