城市小区环境生物剂气溶胶的扩散模拟研究

摘要

目的:研究城市小区中生物剂气溶胶的扩散模拟和污染区域的划分,为反生物恐怖危害评估及应急响应提供决策依据.方法:以典型生物剂炭疽为例,利用计算流体力学中的离散相模型对小区环境中生物剂气溶胶的扩散规律进行研究；对扩散后生物剂气溶胶的数目分布进行量化分析,结合吸入式炭疽的剂量-反应模型进行污染区域的划分.结果:通过计算机模拟,得到了生物剂气溶胶在小区环境中的扩散规律及数目分布,并依据人员感染炭疽概率的不同划分出小区内的污染区域.结论:利用离散相模型和剂量-反应模型,可以对城市小区中生物剂气溶胶的扩散规律进行模拟并划分污染区域,为反生物恐怖危害评估及应急响应提供决策依据.%Objective: Simulation of bioaerosols diffusion and division of contaminated areas were researched in this study, providing decision-making foundation according to which hazard assessment and emergency response against bioterrorism can be performed. Methods: Taking anthrax as an example, we did research on the diffusion of bioaerosols in a housing estate, using discrete phase model in computational fluid dynamics (CFD); we also made a quantitative analysis on the distribution of bioaerosols after the diffusion, and divided different contaminated areas using inhalation anthrax dose-response model. Results: Through computational simulation, the diffusion of bioaerosols in a housing estate was revealed, and different contaminated areas were divided according to the probability of infection. Conclusion: Using discrete phase model and dose-response model, bioaerosols diffusion in a housing estate can be simulated and division of contaminated areas can be made, which will provide decision-making foundation according to which hazard assessment and emergency response against bioterrorism can be performed.