人类肠道中定居着许多对宿主有益的微生物，包括细菌、病毒、真核生物等，它们在肠道内能与其他微生物及免疫系统相互作用，对人体健康具有重要影响，被称为“被遗忘的器官”，它们的基因组也被誉为人类的“第二基因组”，与人体的能量代谢及物质代谢有关。本文总结了人体肠道中病毒、真核生物、细菌和宿主免疫系统的相互作用，微生物群的失衡可能导致的疾病如肥胖和克罗恩病等，以及微生物环境在人体内的成熟过程，期望有助于诊断和治疗与肠道微生物失衡相关的疾病。%The human gut harbors diverse microbes that play a fundamental role in the well-being of their host. The constituents of the microbiota including bacteria, viruses, and eukaryotes have been shown to interact with one another and with the host immune system in ways that influence the development of disease. Gut microbi⁃ome is honoured as human's second genome. These interactions are reviewed and suggest that a holistic approach to studying the microbiota that goes beyond characterization of community composition and encompasses dynamic in⁃teractions between all components of the microbiota and host tissue over time will be crucial for building predic⁃tive models for diagnosis and treatment of diseases linked to imbalances in our microbiota.
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