北京什刹海金丝套滨水空间的视觉感知意象研究与眺望景观优化策略

摘要

视觉感知是人们感受环境并产生意象的最直接的方式之一,亦是城市意象研究的重要数据来源.本文以北京什刹海金丝套滨水空间为研究对象,基于由穿戴式相机获取的图片数据和对数据进行处理后得到的意象感知体系,探索对该地区眺望景观进行优化的规划设计策略,以为城市历史街区的景观提升提供参考.研究选取前海北沿至后海南沿共800m的路径作为游线,采集30位志愿者穿戴便携式摄像机GoPro的游览影像,按每秒一帧连续截取25000余张图片;随后,通过识别和分析图片中的意象并对感知点和感知对象进行空间定位,可得到基于视觉的意象感知体系;进而建议:在历史地段的规划中应当更加注意整体风貌的营造以及重要标志物的打造,优化景观视线廊道,构建完整的眺望景观体系.%Visual perceiving is one of the most important and direct ways to perceive physical environment and instantly generate images of it. The data gained from visual perception lays a foundation for the research on city images. This study concentrated in the Jinsitao Waterfront of Shichahai area in Beijing. By collecting photos with wearable cameras and generating an image map of visual perception through image identification and analysis, this study explores strategies for improving vista view system in the study area, offering a reference for other research on historical district renewals in cities. Thirty volunteers were asked to tour along an 800-meter path from the north edge of Qianhai to the south edge of Houhai recording the scenery with GoPro cameras on their foreheads. Over 25,000 screenshots were then captured consecutively from the video documents. By identifying and analyzing these screenshots, mapping perceiving locations, and corresponding them to perceived objects, an image perception map was generated, from which a series of planning and design strategies were developed to suggest that future historical districts' planning practices should enhance the protection of a site's overall image and distinctive landmarks, as well as the improvement of visual corridors and vista view system.