中国国家公园体制试点：一个总体框架

摘要

Losing the top-lever planning, the experimental schemes of China’s National Park System comes across with many problems. As the main unit of the reform, local government thereby would hardly generate a stable system, which lead to more conlficts and cause the reform deviates from their principle of protection and achieving sustainable utilization. This article examines the connection among the absence of top-lever planning, the motivation of local government and the consequences concerned with China’s National Park experiment. And then bring forward an overal framework thereof, including the systems of unit management, the systems of resources management and the ifnancial mechanism.%目前中国的国家公园体制试点方案缺乏顶层设计，作为改革主体的地方政府难以形成一个稳定的制度预期，加剧了其博弈和策略行为，使国家公园试点实施方案偏离了“保护第一、永续利用”的原则。为解决这一问题，需要分析国家公园体制顶层设计缺失、地方政府行为动机和行为后果三者之间的关系，构建一个包括管理单位体制、资源管理体制、资金机制等在内的国家公园体制的总体框架。