Objective To investigate the clinical significance of microbial specimens being smeared and Gram stained for microscopy before they were cultured .Methods A total of 365 clinical specimens with different types of microorganisms were firstly smeared and stained for microscopy , then were inoculated for culture.Finally, the coincidence rate was analyzed .Results Among the 365 specimens , there were 211 sputum specimens , 40 urine specimens, 76 secretion specimens and 38 other-type specimens (mainly pus and pleural effusion specimens ).Among them, there were 17 unqualified specimens .Of the 348 qualified specimens , 93 cases were cultured positive .The detection results of sputum , urine, secretion and other-type specimens were no statistical significance by the smear microscopy and the culture method .The coincidence rates were 76.6%, 62.5%, 87.1% and 80.0%, respectively (P>0.05).Conclusions The smear microscopy can not only check the quality of specimens , but also reduce the result errors of culture, so as to improve the positive rate of specimens by culture .Therefore, it is of great significance in the actual microbiological testing work .%目的：探讨临床上微生物送检标本在培养前进行涂片镜检的临床意义。方法对365例临床送检的不同类型的微生物标本先进行涂片染色检查，再接种进行培养，分析二者的符合率。结果365例送检标本中，有痰液标本211例，尿液标本40例，分泌物标本76例，其他标本（主要是脓液及胸腹水标本）38例，其中有不合格标本17例。348例合格标本中培养阳性93例，其中痰液标本、尿液标本、分泌物标本和其它标本的涂片与培养结果间差异无统计学意义（P均＞0．05），符合率分别为76．6％、62．5％、87．1％和80．0％。结论微生物标本培养前的涂片镜检不仅可以检查送检标本的质量，而且可以减少培养结果的误差，有效提高标本培养的阳性检出率，在实际微生物检验工作中具有十分重要的意义。
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