PK7300全自动血型分析仪测定ABO血型抗体效价的初步研究

摘要

目的：探索使用PK7300全自动血型分析仪测定ABO血型抗体效价的方法，探讨献血者血型检测中与ABO血型抗体效价相关的影响因素及注意事项。方法仪器微板法测定抽样标本的ABO血型抗体效价；仪器微板法及手工试管法测定各血型混合血浆的ABO血型抗体效价；统计分析该中心2013年5～7月检测出的ABO血型抗体效价降低的情况。结果A型献血者与B型献血者的ABO血型抗体效价比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05），O型献血者的ABO血型抗体效价明显高于A型或B型献血者（P＜0．05）；手工试管法的灵敏度明显优于仪器微板法，而手工试管法二的灵敏度又明显优于手工试管法一（P＜0．05）；ABO血型抗体效价降低的A型献血者明显多于B型或O型（均P＜0．01），ABO血型抗体效价降低的男性献血者明显多于女性（P＜0．01）。结论仪器微板法测定ABO血型抗体效价操作简便、结果判读客观、重复性好，1∶1～1∶80的稀释比例范围能满足绝大多数标本的测定需要，采用梯度稀释有助于减小测定误差；血型、性别、年龄、亚型等因素可能与献血者ABO血型抗体效价降低相关。%Objective To explore the detection method of ABO blood type antibody titration by the PK7300 automated blood typing analyzer and to investigate the ABO blood type antibody titer‐related influencing factors and the matter needing attentions in blood typing test for blood donors .Methods The ABO blood type antibody titers of the samples were measured by the analyzer microplate method;the ABO blood type antibody titer of each mixed plas‐ma was respectively measured by the analyzer microplate method and by the manual tube method;the decrease situa‐tion of ABO blood type antibody titers detected in our center from May to July 2013 were statistically analyzed .Re‐sults There was no statistically significant difference in the ABO blood type antibody titers between the blood type A donors and blood type B donors(P>0 .05) ,the ABO blood type antibody titers in the blood type O donors were significantly higher than those in the blood type A or blood type B donors(P<0 .05);the sensitivity of the manual tube method was significantly superior to that of the analyzer microplate method ,and the sensitivity of the manual tube method 2 was significantly superior to that of the manual tube method 1(P<0 .05);the blood type A donors with decreased ABO blood type antibody titers were significantly more than the blood type B donors or blood type O donors(P<0 .01) ,and the male donors with decreased ABO antibody titers were significantly more than the female donors(P<0 .01) .Conclusion The analyzer microplate method for detecting the ABO blood type antibody titration is simple to operate ,objective in the result judgment ,has good repeatability ,the dilution range of 1∶1 -1∶80 can meet the measurement requirements for most of samples and gradient dilution may contribute to reduce the measure‐ment errors;the factors of blood type ,gender ,age and subtype may be related to the decreased ABO antibody titers of blood donors .