政务院1951年发《公文处理暂行办法》存在的三个遗憾

摘要

Under the 195 1 official document management rules by Administrative Council,Chinese characters should be written top-to-bottom,right-to-left;documents asking for instructions were not recognized as a cate-gory;marking solar calendar dates with Arabic numerals was not clearly required.Reading horizontally rather than vertically conforms better to ophthalmology,therefore after 1884 more and more Chinese documents are written hori-zontally.It facilitates document management to categorize official documents into ones to be approved and ones to be viewed;Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region Government and Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region Government made provi-sions in this regard in 1938 and 1942,respectively.Arabic numerals,which have been adopted by many since the 1920’s,facilitate writing much more than Chinese characters do when marking calendar dates.The regret of the 1951 rules may be due to the knowledge of rule makers,or their consideration for the habitual cognition of the social majority.%政务院1951年《公文处理暂行办法》存在三个遗憾：公文汉字竖行自右至左排，未设请示文种，未明确公历日期用阿拉伯数字标注。文字横排较竖排更符合阅读用眼科学，1884年后汉字横排文献越来越多。将需审批与供阅读的公文分设文种更便于处理，晋察冀和陕甘宁边区政府分别于1938年和1942年做了这方面的规定。用阿拉伯数字标注日期比汉字便于书写，1920年代起，就有不少人采用便利写法。规定中留下的遗憾可能与制定者的认识有关，制定政策要考虑社会多数人的认知习惯。