司法视角下安全保障义务范围的认定标准重构

摘要

《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》第三十七条规定了公共场所管理人和公共活动组织者的安全保障义务.风险社会中,该制度的目的是以极为广泛的注意义务形式,赋予众多潜在受害人更多的救济机会.透过学者的观点和相关司法文书,安全保障义务范围的认定标准有"要素叠加"和"行为+程度"两种标准.在责任普遍化的情形下,为平衡经营者与消费者的利益,对安全保障义务范围的认定,应采取司法审判中体现的"行为+程度"特定场所的可支配性标准,而非"要素叠加"的标准.%The obligations for security safeguarding,regulated by Article Thirty-seven in The Law of Tort Liability of China,were given to governors of several public platforms and organizers of activities.Under the risks of society,the purpose of the system is to give many potential victims more relief opportunities in the form of the extremely wide duties of care.Through the views of scholars and the relevant judicial documents,the judgment standards of the security obligation scope include "elements overlapping" and "behavior".In the case of common responsibilities,judgment of the scope of the security obligations should adopt the disposable standards of "behavior and degree" embodied in justice practice in particular platform instead of "element orerlapping".